التوحيـد
أهميته ومعناه وغايته
أهميته ومعناه وغايته
(جزء 1 من 2)
إعداد: أم عبد الله الميساوي
أُعِدّ لموقع: عقيدة السلف الصالح
أُعِدّ لموقع: عقيدة السلف الصالح
التوحيد: أهميته
- هو الغاية من خلق الإنس والجن:
قال الله تعالى: {وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنْسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ} [الذاريات : 56]
- هو أصل دعوة الرسل:
وقال سبحانه: {وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ إِلَّا نُوحِي إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا فَاعْبُدُونِ} [الأنبياء : 25]
- لا يُقبل عمل إلا بالتوحيد
قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: قال الله تبارك وتعالى: ”أَنَا أَغْنَى الشُّرَكَاءِ عَنْ الشِّرْكِ مَنْ عَمِلَ عَمَلًا أَشْرَكَ فِيهِ مَعِي غَيْرِي تَرَكْتُهُ وَشِرْكَهُ“ [صحيح مسلم]
قال يحيى بن سلَّام (200 هـ) : ({وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا} أي: عدلا؛ وهو لا إله إلا الله {يُصْلِحْ لَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ} لا يقبل العمل إلا ممن قال: لا إله إلا الله، مخلصا من قلبه) (1)
- الجنة مُحرمة على من أشرك بالله
قال الله تعالى: {إِنَّهُ مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ النَّارُ} [المائدة : 72]
- من أشرك حَبِط عمله
وقال سبحانه: {وَلَوْ أَشْرَكُوا لَحَبِطَ عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ} [الأنعام : 88]
- هو أعظم سبب لمغفرة الذنوب
في الحديث القدسي: ”وَمَنْ لَقِيَنِي بِقُرَابِ الْأَرْضِ (2) خَطِيئَةً لَا يُشْرِكُ بِي شَيْئًا لَقِيتُهُ بِمِثْلِهَا مَغْفِرَةً“ [صحيح مسلم]
وغير ذلك.
التوحيد: لا إله إلا الله
قال الله تعالى: {وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ إِلَّا نُوحِي إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا أَنَا فَاعْبُدُون} [الأنبياء : 25]
قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ”من قال: لا إله إلا الله، وكفر بما يعبد من دون الله ، حرم ماله ودمه، وحسابه على الله.“
في رواية : ”من وحد الله...“ ثم ذكر مثله . [صحيح مسلم]
قال عثمان الدارمي (280 هـ) : «وتفسير التوحيد عند الأمة وصوابه قول: "لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له"». (3)
وقال أبو جعفر النحَّاس (338 هـ) : (قوله جل وعز {إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا إِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ} [الصافات : 35] أي: عن توحيد الله عز وجل.) (4)
وقال أبو عبد الله القرطبي (671 هـ) : (و{قل هو الله أحد} فيها التوحيد كله. وبهذا المعنى وقع البيان في قوله عليه السلام لأُبيٍّ. ”أي آية في القرآن أعظم؟“ قال: {اللَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ}. وإنما كانت أعظم آية لأنها توحيد كلها، كما صار قوله: «أفضل ما قلته أنا والنبيون من قبلي لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له» أفضل الذكر، لأنها كلمات حَوَت جميع العلوم في التوحيد.) (5)
وقال ابن كثير (774 هـ) : ({مَا كَانَ لَنَا أَنْ نُشْرِكَ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ذَلِكَ مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى النَّاسِ} [يوسف : 38] هذا التوحيد - وهو الإقرار بأنه لا إله إلا هو وحده لا شريك له) (6)
وقال ابن رجب الحنبلي (795 هـ) : (ولعل من قال: إن المراد بالاستقامة على التوحيد؛ إنما أراد التوحيد الكامل الذي يحرّم صاحبه على النار، وهو تحقيق معنى «لا إله إلا الله» فإن الإِله هو المعبود الذي يُطاع فلا يُعصى؛ خشيةً، وإجلالا، ومهابةً، ومحبةً، ورجاءً، وتوكلا، ودعاءً.) (7)
التوحيد: معناه وغايته عبادة الله وحده
- معنى كلمة التوحيد «لا إله إلا الله» كما فسرها أهل العلم: (لا معبود بحق أو لا مستحق للعبادة إلا الله).
- من القرآن:
قال الله تعالى: {وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا إِلَهًا وَاحِدًا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ سُبْحَانَهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ} [التوبة : 31]
وقال سبحانه: {وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ حُنَفَاءَ} [البينة : 5 ، 6]
وغيرها من الآيات
- من السنة:
1. قال البخاري: (باب ما جاء في دعاء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أمته إلى توحيد الله تبارك وتعالى) وذكر أحاديث منها:
عن معاذ بن جبل قال: قال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ”يَا مُعَاذُ أَتَدْرِى مَا حَقُّ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ ؟“ قَالَ: اللَّه وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ. قال: ”أَنْ يَعْبُدُوهُ وَلاَ يُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا، أَتَدْرِى مَا حَقُّهُمْ عَلَيْهِ ؟» قَال: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَم. قَال: «أَنْ لاَ يُعَذِّبَهُمْ.“
2. قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ:
”إِنَّكَ سَتَأْتِى قَوْمًا أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ ، فَإِذَا جِئْتَهُمْ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لَكَ بِذَلِكَ ، فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِى كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ ...“ الحديث . [صحيح البخاري ومسلم]
وفي رواية: ”... فَلْيَكُنْ أَوَّلَ مَا تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ عِبَادَةُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَإِذَا عَرَفُوا اللَّهَ ...“ الحديث. [صحيح البخاري ومسلم]
وفي رواية: ”... فَلْيَكُنْ أَوَّلَ مَا تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يُوَحِّدُوا اللَّهَ تَعَالَى فَإِذَا عَرَفُوا ذَلِكَ ...“ الحديث. [صحيح البخاري]
قال ابن حجر العسقلاني في هذه الروايات الثلاث:
(ويُجمع بينها بأن المراد بعبادة الله توحيده وبتوحيده الشهادة له بذلك ولنبيه بالرسالة، ووقعت البداءة بهما لأنهما أصل الدين الذي لا يصح شيء غيرهما إلا بهما.) (8)
وقال في موضع آخر: (ووجه الجمع بينها أن المراد بالعبادة: التوحيد، والمراد بالتوحيد: الإقرار بالشهادتين، والإشارة بقوله ذلك إلى التوحيد، وقوله: « فإذا عرفوا الله » أي عرفوا توحيد الله، والمراد بالمعرفة الإقرار والطواعية فبذلك يجمع بين هذه الألفاظ المختلفة في القصة الواحدة وبالله التوفيق.) (9)
3. قال البيهقي (458 هـ) : (الباب الأول في توحيد الله في عبادته دون سواه) ثم ذكر قول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم:
”مَنْ وَحَّدَ اللهَ وَكَفَرَ بِمَا يُعْبَدُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ حَرُمَ مَالُهُ وَدَمُهُ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ.“ (10) [صحيح مسلم]
من أقوال السلف والعلماء:
قال قَتادة (117 هـ/ تابعي) في قوله تعالى: {وَجَعَلَهَا كَلِمَةً بَاقِيَةً فِي عَقِبِهِ} [الزخرف : 28]: (التوحيد والإخلاص، لا يزال في ذريته من يوحد الله ويعبده.) (11)
قال يحيى بن سلَّام (200 هـ) : (فقال: {يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ} وحدوا الله {مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ إِنْ أَنْتُمْ إِلَّا مُفْتَرُون} كل من عبد غير الله سبحانه فقد افترى الكذب على الله تعالى لأن الله عز وجل أمر العباد أن يعبدوه ولا يشركوا به شيئا) (12)
قال ابن جرير الطبري (310 هـ) في تفسير قوله تعالى: {وَوَصَّى بِهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بَنِيهِ وَيَعْقُوبُ} [البقرة : 132]: (قال أبو جعفر: يعني تعالى ذكره بقوله: {ووصى بها}، ووصى بهذه الكلمة. عنى بـ"الكلمة" قوله: {أسلمت لرب العالمين}، وهي "الإسلام" الذي أمر به نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم، وهو إخلاص العبادة والتوحيد لله، وخضوع القلب والجوارح له.) (13)
قال أبو جعفر النحَّاس (338 هـ) : (روى مَعْمر عن قتادة: قال: {الْمَثَلُ الْأَعْلَى} [النحل : 60] : لا إله إلا الله.
ورَوى سعيد عن قتادة قال: {الْمَثَلُ الْأَعْلَى}: الإخلاص، والتوحيد.
والمعنيان واحد، أي لله عز وجل التوحيد ونفي كل معبود دونه.) (14)
قال ابن كثير (774 هـ) في تفسيره: (ثم قال تعالى مخبرًا أنه الأحد الصمد، الذي لا إله غيره، فقال: {اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ} [التغابن : 13] فالأول خَبَرٌ عن التوحيد، ومعناه معنى الطلب، أي: وحدوا الإلهية (17) له، وأخلصوها لديه، وتوكلوا عليه) (18)
وغيرهم كثير، اقتصرنا على هذا القدر للاختصار.
التوحيد: أصل دعوة الرسل أجمعين
جميع الرسل:
قال الله تعالى:
{وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ إِلَّا نُوحِي إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا فَاعْبُدُونِ} [الأنبياء : 25]
{وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولًا أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ} [النحل : 36]
{إِذْ جَاءَتْهُمُ الرُّسُلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ} [فصلت : 14 ، 15]
أفرادهم:
نوح عليه السلام:
قال تعالى: {وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَقَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ أَفَلَا تَتَّقُونَ} [المؤمنون : 23 ، 24]
إبراهيم عليه السلام
{وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ إِذْ قَالَ لِقَوْمِهِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاتَّقُوهُ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ * إِنَّمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَوْثَانًا وَتَخْلُقُونَ إِفْكًا إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ لَكُمْ رِزْقًا فَابْتَغُوا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ الرِّزْقَ وَاعْبُدُوهُ وَاشْكُرُوا لَهُ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ} [العنكبوت : 16 ، 17]
هود عليه السلام
{وَإِلَى عَادٍ أَخَاهُمْ هُودًا قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ أَفَلَا تَتَّقُونَ} [الأعراف : 65]
{قَالُوا أَجِئْتَنَا لِنَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ وَحْدَهُ وَنَذَرَ مَا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا فَأْتِنَا بِمَا تَعِدُنَا إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ} [الأعراف : 70]
صالح عليه السلام
{وَإِلَى ثَمُودَ أَخَاهُمْ صَالِحًا قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ} [الأعراف : 73]
شعيب عليه السلام
{وَإِلَى مَدْيَنَ أَخَاهُمْ شُعَيْبًا قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ غَيْرُهُ} [الأعراف : 85]
يعقوب عليه السلام
{أَمْ كُنْتُمْ شُهَدَاءَ إِذْ حَضَرَ يَعْقُوبَ الْمَوْتُ إِذْ قَالَ لِبَنِيهِ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ بَعْدِي قَالُوا نَعْبُدُ إِلَهَكَ وَإِلَهَ آبَائِكَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ إِلَهًا وَاحِدًا وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ} [البقرة : 133]
عيسى عليه السلام
{وَقَالَ الْمَسِيحُ يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ النَّارُ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنْصَارٍ} [المائدة : 72 ، 73]
محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم
{قُلْ إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ مُخْلِصًا لَهُ الدِّينَ * وَأُمِرْتُ لِأَنْ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ * قُلْ إِنِّي أَخَافُ إِنْ عَصَيْتُ رَبِّي عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ * قُلِ اللَّهَ أَعْبُدُ مُخْلِصًا لَهُ دِينِي} [الزمر : 11 - 14]
من السنة:
عن ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُول: لَمَّا بَعَثَ النَّبِىُّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم - مُعَاذًا نَحْوَ الْيَمَنِ قَالَ لَهُ ”إِنَّكَ تَقْدَمُ عَلَى قَوْمٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَلْيَكُنْ أَوَّلَ مَا تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يُوَحِّدُوا اللَّهَ تَعَالَى فَإِذَا عَرَفُوا ذَلِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِى يَوْمِهِمْ وَلَيْلَتِهِمْ ، فَإِذَا صَلُّوا فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ زَكَاةً فِى أَمْوَالِهِمْ تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ غَنِيِّهِمْ فَتُرَدُّ عَلَى فَقِيرِهِمْ ، فَإِذَا أَقَرُّوا بِذَلِكَ فَخُذْ مِنْهُمْ وَتَوَقَّ كَرَائِمَ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ“. [صحيح البخاري]
من أقوال السلف والعلماء:
قال قتادة (117 هـ) : (قوله: {لِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مِنْكُمْ شِرْعَةً وَمِنْهَاجًا} يقول: سبيلا وسُنّة. والسنن مختلفة: للتوراة شريعة، وللإنجيل شريعة، وللقرآن شريعة، يحلُّ الله فيها ما يشاء، ويحرِّم ما يشاء بلاءً، ليعلم من يطيعه ممن يعصيه. ولكن الدين الواحد الذي لا يقبل غيره: التوحيدُ والإخلاصُ لله، الذي جاءت به الرسل.) (19)
قال ابن جرير الطبري (310 هـ) : (يقول تعالى ذكره: وما أرسلنا يا محمد من قبلك من رسول إلى أمة من الأمم إلا نوحي إليه أنه لا معبود في السماوات والأرض، تصلح العبادة له سواي فاعبدون يقول: فأخلصوا لي العبادة، وأفردوا لي الألوهية.) (20)
قال ابن كثير (774 هـ) : (ثم فسرها بقوله: {أَلا نَعْبُدَ إِلا اللَّهَ وَلا نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا} لا وَثَنا، ولا صنما، ولا صليبا ولا طاغوتا، ولا نارًا، ولا شيئًا، بل نُفْرِدُ العبادة لله وحده لا شريك له. وهذه دعوة جميع الرسل)
وقال: (جميع الأنبياء قبله كلهم كانت دعوتهم إلى الإسلام، وأصله عبادة الله وحده لا شريك له.) (21)
وقال: (وقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "نحن معشر الأنبياء أولاد عَلات ديننا واحد"، يعني: أن المقصود هو عبادة الله وحده لا شريك له بشرائع متنوعة لرسله، كما قال تعالى: {لِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مِنْكُمْ شِرْعَةً وَمِنْهَاجًا} [المائدة :48]) (22)
قال الملا علي القاري (1014 هـ) في شرحه للفقه الأكبر (ص49) : (وقد أعرض الإمام عن بحث الوجود اكتفاءً بما هو ظاهر في مقام الشهود؛ ففي التنزيل: {أَفِي اللَّهِ شَكٌّ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ...} [إبراهيم : 10]، {وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ ...} [العنكبوت : 61]، فوجود الحق ثابت في فطرة الخلق كما يشير إليه قوله سبحانه وتعالى: {فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا} [الروم : 30] ، ويومئ إليه حديث «كل مولود يولد على فطرة الإسلام» وإنما جاء الأنبياء عليهم الصلاة والسلام لبيان التوحيد وتبيان التفريد، ولذا أطبقت كلمتهم وأجمعت حجتهم على كلمة: لا إله إلا الله، ولم يُؤمَروا بأن يَأمُروا أهل ملتهم بأن يقولوا: الله موجود، بل قصدوا إظهار أن غيره ليس بمعبود ردا لما توهموا وتخيلوا حيث قالوا: {هَؤُلَاءِ شُفَعَاؤُنَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ} [يونس : 18] و{ا نَعْبُدُهُمْ إِلَّا لِيُقَرِّبُونَا إِلَى اللَّهِ زُلْفَى} [الزمر : 3]، على أن التوحيد يفيد الوجود مع مزيد التأييد.)
الجزء (2) : ما يتضمنه التوحيد
للسـؤال أو التعليـق على المقال
(1) تفسير القرآن العزيز لابن أبي زمنين – وهو مختصر لتفسير يحيى بن سلام (ج3 ص415)
(2) بقراب الأرض: أَي بما يُقارِبُ مِلأَها (لسان العرب، مادة: قرب).
(3) نقض الإمام أبي سعيد عثمان بن سعيد (ج1 ص152)
(4) معاني القرآن الكريم لأبي جعفر النحاس (ج6 ص23)
(5) الجامع لأحكام القرآن للقرطبي (ج1 ص171)
(6) تفسير القرآن العظيم لابن كثير (ج4 ص389)
(7) جامع العلوم والحكم لابن رجب الحنبلي (ج2 ص605)
(8) فتح الباري (ج3 ص419)
(9) فتح الباري (ج13 ص367)
(10) الأربعون الصغرى للبيهقي - (ص23(
(11) تفسير القرآن لعبد الرزاق الصنعاني (ج2 ص196)، وجامع البيان للطبري (ج21 ص589).
(12) تفسير القرآن العزيز لابن أبى زمنين (ج2 ص295)
(13) جامع البيان (ج3 ص93-94)
(14) معاني القرآن (ج4 ص77)
(17) الإلاهَة ، والأُلوهَة ، والأُلُوهِيَّةُ: العبادة. (المحكم والمحيط الأعظم لابن سيده - 4 / 358)
(18) تفسير القرآن العظيم (ج8 ص138)
(19) جامع البيان للطبري (ج10 ص385)
(20) جامع البيان (ج18 ص427)
(21) تفسير القرآن العظيم لابن كثير (ج2 ص55-56) و(ج3 ص382)
(22) تفسير القرآن العظيم (ج5 ص371)
هنا
المقال باللغة الانجليزية
TAWHEED
Its Meaning and Importance
(Part 1 of 2)
Its Meaning and Importance
(Part 1 of 2)
Prepared by: Um Abdullah al-Misawi
for as-salaf.com
for as-salaf.com
Tawheed: Its importance.
- It is the purpose of the creation of Man and Jinn.
Allaah Ta'aala said: {And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me.} [51: 56]
- It is the actual message of the Prophets alayhem assalam.
Allaah Subhaanahu Wa Ta'aala said: {And We sent not before you any messenger except that We revealed to him that, "There is no deity except Me, so worship Me."} [21:25]
- Good deeds are not accepted without Tawheed.
Rasoolullah Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam said: ”Allah Tabaraka Wa Ta'ala said: "I am the One Who does not stand in need of a partner. If anyone does anything in which he associates anyone else with Me, I shall abandon him with one whom he associates with Allah."“ [Saheeh Muslim]
Yahya Ibn Sallaam Rahimahullah (d. 200 H.) said commenting on the Aayah: {And speak words which are Sadeed – 33: 70} “Sadeed means: Just, and that is "Laa Ilaaha Illallaah", {He will [then] amend for you your deeds – 33:71}, good deeds are not accepted except from one who says: La ilaha illa Allah (None is worthy of worship but Allah), sincerely from his heart.” (1)
- Jannah is forbidden upon one who associates partners (commits shirk) with Allaah.
Allaah Ta'aala said: {Indeed, he who associates others with Allaah - Allaah has forbidden him Paradise, and his abode is the Fire.} [5: 72]
- Whoever associates partners with Allaah his deeds are worthless.
Allaah Subhaanahu Wa Ta'aala said: {But if they had associated others with Allaah, then worthless for them would be whatever they had done.} [6:88]
- It (Tawhid) is the greatest reason for the forgiveness of sins.
It comes in a Hadeeth Qudsi: ”And whoever meets Me with an earth full of sins without associating any partners with me, I will meet him with a similar amount of forgiveness.“ [Saheeh Muslim]
And other than that.
Tawheed: is Laa Ilaaha Illallaah
Allah Ta'ala said: {And We sent not before you any messenger except that We revealed to him that, "La Ilaha Illallah”} [21: 25]
The Prophet -Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam- said: ”Whoever says: "La Ilaha illa Allah", and rejects whatever is worshipped besides Allaah, his blood and wealth becomes forbidden, and his reckoning is upon Allaah.“ [Saheeh Muslim]
And in another narration: ”Whoever professes Tawheed (the Oneness of Allah)…“, then he mentioned like the previous hadeeth. [Saheeh Muslim]
Uthman Ad-Darimi (d. 280 H.) said: «And the explanation of At-Tawheed according to the Ummah, and the correct view; is: La Ilaha Illallah, Wahdahu la sharika Lahu * » (2)
Abu Ja`far An-Nahhas (d. 338 H.) said: “The words of Allaah 'Azza Wa Jal: {Indeed they, when it was said to them "La Ilaha Illallah", were arrogant}.[37:35] meaning: arrogant in (accepting) the Tawheed of Allah 'Azza Wa Jal. (3)
Abu Abdullah Al-Qurtubi (d. 671 H.) said: “And in {Say, "He is Allaah, [who is] One,} ([12: 1] is complete Tawheed. And in this meaning comes the statement of Rasoolullaah Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam to Ubayy (Radhiallaahu 'Anhu) ”Which Aayah (verse) in the Qur'aan is the greatest?" he said: {Allaah - la ilaha illa Huwa, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of [all] existence.} [2: 255]“, and it is the greatest verse because it is complete Tawheed, like how the Messenger of Allah -Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam- saying: ”The best (word) which I and the Prophets -'Alayhimus Salaam- before me had said is: "La Ilaha Illallah, Wahdahu, la sharika Lahu” * was the best Dhikr, “ because it is words which encompass all the knowledge of Tawheed. (4)
Ibn Katheer (D. 774 H.) said: {And it was not for us to associate anything with Allaah. That is from the favor of Allaah upon us and upon the people.} [12: 38] This is Tawheed, and that is declaring that "La Ilaha Illallah, Wahdahu, la sharika Lahu" * (5)
Ibn Rajab Al-Hanbali (D. 795 H.) said: And perhaps the one who says: The intended meaning by uprightness on Tawheed; meant the complete Tawheed which saves its owner from the Hell fire, and that is fulfilling the meaning of "La Ilaha Illallah", because al-ilah (god; deity) is the one who is worshipped, who is obeyed and not disobeyed, who is feared, revered, venerated, loved, has hope in, has reliance upon, and supplicates to. (6)
Tawheed: Its meaning and purpose is worshipping Allah alone.
The meaning of the word of Tawheed "La Ilaha Illallah", as the people of knowledge have explained, is: There is no one worthy or deserving of worship but Allaah.
From the Qur'an:
Allaah Ta'aala said: {And they were not commanded except to worship one God; La Ilaha Illa Huwa (None is worthy of worship but Him). Exalted is He above whatever they associate with Him.} [9: 31]
He also said: {And they were not commanded except to worship Allaah, (being) sincere to Him in religion, (and) upright.} [98: 5]
And other verses.
From the Sunnah:
1. Imam Bukhari said in his Sahih: «The chapter regarding what has come in the Messenger of Allah -Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam-'s calling his nation to the Tawheed of Allaah» And he mentioned in there some Ahaadeeth, amongst it are:
Mu'aadh Ibn Jabal (Radhiallaahu 'Anhu) said that the Prophet -Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam- said: ”O Mu'aadh, do you know what is the right of Allaah upon His servants?“ He said: "Allaah and His messenger know best."
He -Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam- said: ”That they should worship Him and not associate any partners with him. Do you know what their right upon Him is?“ He said: "Allaah and His messenger know best."
He -Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam- said: ”That he shall not punish them.“
2. The Messenger of Allah -Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam- told Mu'aadh Ibn Jabal when he sent him to Yemen: ”You will be going to a nation of People of the Book **, so when you get there then call them to testify “La Ilaha Illallah” and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah, and if they obey you in that, then inform them that Allaah has made obligatory upon them five prayers every morning and evening…“ [Saheeh Al-Bukhaari & Muslim]
In another narration it says: "And let the first thing that you ( them towards be the worship of Allaah 'Azza Wa Jal, and if they know Allah…. " [Saheeh Al-Bukhaari & Muslim]
And in another narration: "Then let the first thing you call them towards be that they profess the oneness of Allaah Ta'aala (Tawheed), and if they learn (know) that.…." [Saheeh Al-Bukhaari]
Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani said concerning these three narrations: “And joining them together would be by saying that the intended meaning is that worshiping Allaah is Tawheed of Him, and His Tawheed is testifying to that (that none is worthy of worship but Him :“La Ilaha Illallah”) and (testifying) to the Message of His Prophet (Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam), and it commenced with these two, because they are the basis of the Religion, which without it no deed is accepted. (7)
And he said on another page: “And joining them is to say that the intended meaning by worship: is At-Tawheed, and the meaning of At-Tawheed is: the declaration of the two testifications of faith, and that saying of his (The Prophet’s -Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam is pointing to Tawheed. And his saying ”and if they know Allah“ means «if they know the Tawheed of Allah», and the intended meaning of "knowledge” is affirmation and obediance”. (8)
3. Al-Bayhaqi (D. 458 H.) said: «Chapter one concerning the Tawheed of Allaah in His worship without (associating) anyone else» then he mentioned the saying of the Prophet -Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam- : ”Whoever professes Tawheed, and rejects whatever is worshipped besides Allah, his blood and wealth becomes inviolable and his reckoning is upon Allaah.“ (9) [Saheeh Muslim]
From the sayings of the Salaf and the Scholars:
Qatadah (d. 117 H. –a Tabi'i) said concerning the verse: {And he made it a word remaining among his descendants} [43:28] «Tawheed and Ikhlaas (sincerity), there will always remain in his descendants who will profess the Tawheed of Allah and worship Him.» (10)
Yahyaa Ibn Sallaam (D. 200 H.) said: “So He said: {O my people, worship Allaah} profess Tawheed of Allaah {you have no deity other than Him. You are not but inventors [of falsehood].}[11:50] Whoever worships anything besides Allaah Subhaanahu Wa Ta'aala then he has fabricated a lie upon Allaah Ta'aala, because Allaah 'Azza Wa Jal commanded His servants to worship Him alone and not to associate anything with Him.” (11)
Ibn Jarir At-Tabari (d. 310 H.) said in the interpretation of the words of Allaah Ta'aala: {And Ibraaheem enjoined it upon his sons and [so did] Ya'qoob} [2:132], Abu Ja`far said: “What Allaah Ta'aala means by {enjoined it} is: enjoining this word. And what is meant by 'the word' is {I have submitted to the Lord of the worlds.} [2:131], and that is Islam, the one which Allaah had commanded His Prophet -Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam- with, and that is having sincerity in worship and Tawheed for Allaah, and submission of the heart and limbs to Him." (12)
Abu Ja`far An-Nahhas (d. 338 H.) said: “Ma`mar narrated that Qatadah said concerning the verse: {the highest description.} [16: 60] : ‘(It is) La Ilaha Illallah.’
And Sa'eed narrated that Qatadah said concerning the verse: {the highest description.}: ‘It is Ikhlas and Tawheed..’
And the meaning of both is the same: for Allaah 'Azza Wa Jal is Tawheed and rejection of all that is worshipped besides Him.” (13)
Ibn Katheer (d. 774 H.) said in his Tafseer: “Then Allaah Ta'aala said, informing that he is Al-Ahad (The One) As-Samad (The Eternal), the One who there is no ilah besides Him, and He said: {Allaah – La Ilaha Illa Huwa, And upon Allaah let the believers rely.} [64:13], the first part is informing about Tawheed, and it is in the meaning of seeking, i.e. profess Ilaahiyyah (14) for Him, and keep it solely/sincerely for Him, and have reliance upon Him.” (15)
And there are many others besides them.
At-Tawheed: The actual message of all the Prophets -`alayhem as-Salam-:
All the Messengers:
Allaah Ta'aala said:
{And We sent not before you any messenger except that We revealed to him that, "La Ilaha Illa Ana, so worship Me."} [21:25]
{And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, (saying), "Worship Allaah and avoid Taaghoot (16)."} [16:36]
{When the messengers had come to them before them and after them, (saying), "Worship not except Allaah."} [41:14]
Individually:
Nooh (Noah) 'Alayhis Salaam:
{And We had certainly sent Nuh to his people, and he said, "O my people, worship Allaah; you have no God other than Him; then will you not fear Him?"} [23: 23]
Ibraheem (Abraham) 'Alayhis Salaam:
{And Ibrahim, when he said to his people, "Worship Allaah and fear Him. That is best for you, if you should know. You worship besides Allaah only idols, and you only invent falsehood. Indeed, those you worship besides Allaah have no power to give you provision, so seek your provision from Allah, and worship Him and be grateful to Him. To Him you will be returned."} [29:16-17]
Hud 'Alayhis Salaam:
{And to the 'Aad [We sent] their brother Hud. He said, "O my people, worship Allaah (Alone); you have no God other than Him. Then will you not fear Him?"} [7: 65]
{They said, "Have you come to us that we should worship Allaah alone and leave what our fathers have worshipped? Then bring us what you promise us, if you are of the truthful ones."} [7: 70]
Saalih 'Alayhis Salaam:
{And to the Thamood [We sent] their brother Salih. He said, "O my people, worship Allaah (Alone); you have no God other than Him.} [7: 73]
Shu`ayb 'Alayhis Salaam:
{And to (the people of) Madyan (We sent) their brother Shu'ayb. He said, "O my people, worship Allaah; you have no deity other than Him.} [7: 85]
Ya`qoob (Jacob) 'Alayhis Salaam:
{Or were you witnesses when death approached Yaqub, when he said to his sons, "What will you worship after me?" They said, "We will worship your Ilah (God) and the God of your fathers, Ibraaheem and Ismaaeel and Is'haaq - one God. And to Him we submit (in Islam)."} [2:133]
Eesaa (Jesus) 'Alayhis Salaam:
{And the Maseeh (Messiah) had said, "O Children of Israeel, worship Allaah, my Lord and your Lord." Indeed, he who associates others with Allaah - Allaah has forbidden him Paradise, and his abode is the Fire. And there are not for the wrongdoers any helpers.} [5:72]
Muhammad Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam:
{Say, (O Muhammad), "Indeed, I have been commanded to worship Allaah, (being) sincere to Him in religion. And I have been commanded to be the first (among you) of the Muslims." Say, "Indeed I fear, if I should disobey my Lord, the punishment of a tremendous Day." Say, "Allaah (alone) do I worship, sincere to Him in my religion.} [39: 11-14]
From the Sunnah:
Ibn 'Abbas Radhiallaahu 'Anhu said: When the Prophet Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam sent Mu'adh Radhiallaahu 'Anhu to Yemen he (Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam) told him: ”You are going to people of the Ahlul Kitaab,. so let the first thing you invite them to be that they profess Tawheed, and when they come to know Allaah, inform them that Allaah has enjoined on them, five prayers in every day and night …."“The Hadeeth. [Saheeh Al-Bukhari]
From the sayings of the Pious Salaf and the Scholars:
Qatadah (d. 117 H.) said concerning the verse: {For each of you We prescribed a law (Sharee'ah) and a method (Minhaaj).} [5: 48] «i.e. a Sabeel (path) and a Sunnah (way). And the Sunan (ways) are different: for the Tawrah (Torah) there was a Sharee'ah (laws), for the Injeel (Bible) there was a Sharee'ah, for the Qur'aan there was a Sharee'ah, Allaah permitted therein whatever He wished, and He forbade therein whatever He wished as a trial, so that it may be known who are those that obey Him from those who disobey Him. But the one Religion that none is accepted but it: is Tawheed and Ikhlaas for Allaah, that which the Messengers came with.»
Ibn Jarir At-Tabari (d. 310 H.) said: "The meaning of what Allaah Ta'aala said (is): And We have not sent before you O Muhammad a messenger to one of the nations but that We revealed unto him that there is no worshipped being in the heavens or on earth besides Me who is worthy of worship, so worship Me, He said: So keep your worship purely for Me, and single only me with Uloohiyah (worship).” (18)
Ibn Katheer (d. 774 H.) said: “Then He explained it with His saying: {that we worship none but Allâh (Alone), and that we associate no partners with Him,.} [3:64] No idol, image, cross, taaghoot, fire, or anything, but we keep our worship purely for Allaah alone, He has no partners. And this was the call of all the Messengers.”
He also said: “The call of all the Messengers before him (Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam) was towards Islaam, and its basis is worshipping Allaah alone, He has no partners.” (19)
And he said: “And the Messenger of Allah -Sallallaahu 'Alayhi Wa Sallam- said: "We the Prophets are (like) Awlaadu 'Allaat (20) our religion is one." Meaning:. the purpose is worshipping Allaah alone, He has no partners, with varying laws (Sharee'ah) for His Messengers, like how Allaah Ta'aala said: {For each of you We prescribed a law (Sharee'ah) and a method (Minhaaj).} [5:48] (21)
Mulla 'Ali Al-Qaari (d. 1016 H.) said in his Sharh (commentary) of Fiqh Al-Akbar (Page 49): “And the Imam (Abu Haneefah) had turned away from discussing the issue of (Allah’s) existence sufficing by what is apparent in the rank of observation, for it comes in the Revealed Book (The Qur'aan): {Can there be doubt about Allaah, Creator of the heavens and earth?} [14: 10], {If you asked them, 'Who created the heavens and earth…} [29: 61] so the existence of Al-Haqq (Allaah) is firmly established in the Fitrah (natural disposition) of the creation, as is indicated in Allaah -Subhaanahu Wa Ta'aala- saying: {The fitrah of Allaah upon which He has created [all] people.} [30: 30], and is also indicated in the hadeeth: ”Every child is born upon the Fitrah of Islaam“ (22), for the Anbiyaa –peace be upon them- came to explain Tawheed, and to make clear the Oneness of Allaah, and that is why their words and their proofs were united upon the word: “La Ilaha Illa Allah”, and they were not commanded to order their people to say: Allaah exists, but they intended to make it clear that besides Him (Allaah) there is nothing worthy of worship, as a reply to those who assume and fancy it as such, as they said: "These are our intercessors with Allaah" (Surah Yoonus: 18), and "We only worship them that they may bring us nearer to Allaah in position." [10: 3], though Tawheed does inform of His existence with extra support.”
PART 2: What Tawheed comprises of
(17)
( * ) Translation: None is worthy of worship but Allah, Alone, He has no partners.
( ** ) People of the Book are the Jews and Christians.
(1) Tafseer Al-Qur'aan Al-'Azeez by Ibn Abi Zamanin – it is an abridged version of the Tafseer of Yahyaa Ibn Salaam (3/415)
(2) Naqadh Al-Imaam Abi Sa'eed 'Uthman Ad-Darimi (1/152).
(3) Ma'aani Al-Qur'aan Al-Kareem by Abu Ja'far An-Nahhas (6/23)
(4) Al-Jaami' Li-Ahkaam Al-Qur'aan by Al-Qurtubi (1/171)
(5) Tafseer Ibn Katheer (4/389)
(6) Jaami' Al-'Uloom Wa Al-Hikam by Ibn Rajab Al-Hanbali (2/605)
(7) Fath Al-Baari (3/419)
(8) Fath Al-Baari: (13/367)
(9) Al-Arba'oon As-Sughraa by Al-Bayhaqi (p. 23)
(10) Tafseer Al-Qur'aan by 'Abdur Razzaaq As-San'aani (2/196), and Jaami' Al-Bayaan (Tafsir) by At-Tabari (21/589)
(11) Tafseer Al-Qur'aan Al-'Azeez by Ibn Abi Zamanin (2/295)
(12) Tafsir At-Tabari (3/93-94)
(13) Ma'aani Al-Qur'aan (4/77)
(14) Al-Ilaahiyyah, and Al-Uloohah, and Al-Uloohiyyah, all mean 'Ibaadah (worship). (Al-Muhkam Wa Al-Muheet Al-A'zam by Ibn Sayyideh – 4/358)
(15) Tafseer Al-Qur'aan Al-A'zeem (8/138)
(16) Taaghoot are the devils, idols, and all those things which are worshipped besides Allaah.
(17) Tafsir At-Tabari [Jaami' Al-Bayaan] (10/385)
(18) Tafsir At-Tabari (18/427)
(19) Tafseer Al-Qur'aan Al-'Azeem by Ibn Katheer (2/55-56) and (3/382)
(20) Awlaadu/Ikhwatu 'Allaat: are brothers from one father but different mothers, the meaning of the Hadeeth is that the religion of all the Anbiyaa 'Alayhimus Salaam was one, but their Sharee'ahs (ahkam; rulings) were different. The hadeeth is reported in Saheeh Al-Bukhaari with a difference of wording.
(21) Tafseer Al-Qur'aan Al-A'zeem (5/371)
(22) Reported in Saheeh Al-Bukhaari and others with a difference of wording.
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